Closeup (Salvia semiatrata)

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Of a triangular, dark green, corrugated leaf, of a delicate, jewel-toned flower in cobalt blue, calyces of plummy purple.

You bring it home, where it sprawls, hides its flowers, sprawls some more, and starts numerous fights with its neighbors. So you cut it back, whereupon, in a sulk, it refuses to flower.

You begin to pretend indifference, to care for it less, and then ultimately to care not at all.

You say, S. semiatra doesn’t do well for me, and file it under “doesn’t do well,” a neutral category, essentially blameless for all concerned, and move on, hardly bruised by a fleeting encounter with this denizen of the Sierra Madre del Sur. And, really, what else can you expect from a plant that doesn’t even have a common name, a cherished folk name? Obviously, not many lived with it long enough to get chummy.

Decades roll by. By chance you see the closeup again of exquisite rugose leaf and two-toned flower. There’s a faint chorus of garden harpies in your head crying no! no! But there’s that closeup beckoning you, and the harpies are soon drowned out by your thumping heart and they recede, but not before first raising the alarm. So now you’re on the alert.

You bring it home. You watch this salvia warily, waiting for the “troubles” to begin at any moment. Ah, yes, that sprawl! Memories flood back of its wayward idiosyncrasies, the bitter disappointment. So many plants have passed through the garden in two decades that it now seems a promiscuous blur, one long horticultural bender. So many good plants tried and discarded, seemingly in a race. To and for what, who can say? And it’s impossible to avoid the conclusion that the garden has not necessarily been the better for the endless variety.

So this time you watch the little salvia calmly, knowing it is not a personal rebuke if a plant cannot fulfill its needs in your garden. But it’s possible you just didn’t watch closely enough before, always in a rush, thinking there would be yet more and more plants to discover, to fail with. Decades later, you know this isn’t so, that the quest is finite.

And somehow, strangely enough, the quest has now changed from finding the next jewel to understanding the needs of those few with the best chance of flourishing in your garden. It’s very clear now you won’t be able to find all the jewels, only a very few, and if you keep rushing along you might miss those willing to grow for you if you’d just watch quietly and wait.

So you wish to sprawl, do you? Well, why don’t I plant you close to the pathway, where your wild ways will bother no one. But you’re getting in such a tangle now, and I do so want to see your flowers. Let’s prop you up on this wrought iron plant stand, shall we? It’s never been of much use elsewhere. Why, how clever of you to drape so fetchingly!

Hello, little friend. What shall I call you? Ah, ‘El Perdido,’ the Lost One (almost).

Posted in essay, Plant Portraits | 2 Comments

Fun with Fishhook Senecio

Some backstory, which begins improbably enough with tulips. The two plants would seem to have nothing whatsoever in common,
but that’s the joy of backyard Frankensteinian horticultural experiments, where you’re mad scientist in chief. And if you get up early
enough, there’ll be no witnesses, one of the best incentives for rising early next to strong black coffee.

Fishhook senecio, S. radicans, is commonly used to dramatically spill out of succulent container plantings,
like this one I made in a hay trough a few years ago:

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It grows so fast, at the speed of knots, spilling and draping, puddling and pooling, that I’ve come to grow it less and less.
A couple pots are kept, shoved into unloved spaces now. Its vigor has caused it to lose favor with me,
but I keep it because it oozes potential.

Now the tulips. In zone 10, where mid-winter skiers drive an hour outside of Los Angeles to zip downhill in artificial snow,
tulips also need some fakery. The cold they need to bloom won’t be supplied by outdoor temps, so they are placed in
the vegetable bin of a refrigerator after purchase in fall, then potted up in late November, a necessary span of at least
six weeks for good results. Bad results look like the tulips are hunkered down in response to an air raid siren, just peeking over
the tops of leaves, never achieving any stem length at all.

Dark purple and apricot blend tulips were planted in these urns, but there were leftover bulbs, planted in hideous black plastic gallon pots:

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With the backstory handled, now we’re regaining some momentum to this tale.
The tulips have been moved into the sun, buds are forming, stems
elongating. So far, so good. But there’s still those hideous black pots.
I assumed the black pots of tulips in bloom would be cleverly hidden in the garden amidst
blowsy spring annuals, but growth in the garden is not tall enough yet for such
chicanery, and the tulips are rapidly rushing into flower. A large pot is now what’s
needed to serve as a cache pot, and there happens to be just such a pot standing idly by.

So one large pot, unscrubbed (you can scrub yours…)
with another pot nested inside for a platform for the tulip pots to
stand on. Expect lots of rummaging through old pots to make this work.
Once the platform of nested pots is adjusted, on go the tulip pots.

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Now it’s apparent the whole arrangement is simply more of the same hideous because
the black pots cannot be concealed short of stuffing the spaces with
moss, a technique best reserved for the sterility of business office foyers (and I
don’t have any moss, darn it).

A filler is needed, but what?

It is at just such a moment that the gardener methodically walks the length and breadth of her
garden, taking new inventory of the familiar with laser-like focus, possibly muttering softly to
herself. A plectranthus is temporarily considered but rejected for not enough leaf.
Mid-winter there’s absolutely nothing that will do — but wait, what about the fishhook?
That’s the answer!

The pot is grabbed from its neglected status on a side porch flanking the driveway
and carried into the back garden, 5 feet of trailing fishhook bringing up the rear.
Some careful maneuvering onto a couple bricks for the new platform, some wrapping and weaving,
and the black plastic pots are hidden.

And after that buildup, I know the next photo might seem a tad anti-climactic:

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Possibly slightly better than hideous. But I was newly struck by the amazing potential of
S. radicans. With so much interest in plant material for roofing and even siding of green buildings,
for zone 10 I submit the fishhook senecio for consideration. Because it is pliable and will root at leaf nodes,
the possibilities seem endless. I’ll probably take this experiment with tulips apart, but what about
wrapping a moss orb round and round, where it can root and trail at will? Or “curtains” of fishhook
senecio for a faux window on a fence? No doubt more early morning experiments are ahead this summer.

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Overheard in the Garden

Me: Come see what I’ve done!

Him: (standing on porch, looking blankly at radically transformed garden)

Just tell me.

Me: You’re kidding, right? Can’t you tell?

Him: (squints, nervously shifts weight from one foot to the other.)

Me: Well, for starters, that 8-foot alien gomphrena is gone, since the rain flattened it anyway.
And that table has been moved. This other table with all the crap has
been cleared out. All the small pots are gone, leaving just a couple
essential large ones. The grape vine has been cut back and the iron trellis removed.
Isn’t it more open now, less hectic?

Him: Uh-huh, oh, yeah.

Me: I thought leaving this big table with nothing on it would be a nice touch,
kind of a departure for me, you know, where we can sit and eat and
everything, like al fresco Americans. Everything’s much simpler.

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Him : I miss Mr. Agave.

Me.: But he was getting too big. He was scaring me! He was all out of scale.

Him: I’m just sayin’.

Me: (reassuringly) He’s right over there.

Him: He looked better here (pointing emphatically)

Me: Well, now there’s that nice pot there.

Him: It’s too gaudy.

Me: That’s the point! It is gaudy. It’s the focal point.

Him: Okay. (Turns and starts to go back inside.)

Me: But you haven’t seen where I moved the little tables to.
I cleared all the junk out of the side yard for a sitting area.

Him: You and your sitting areas. But you never sit!

Me: This summer I will so sit!

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Posted in agaves, woody lilies, Ephemera, garden ornament | Leave a comment

Winter Warmth

After a day of rain, the cow horn agave and New Zealand wind grass rub up a fire:

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The Subject Is Roses

Ever since I found a souvenir of a lost rose while digging last fall, I’ve intended to tease out my complex relationship with roses (aka blog about it.)  The souvenir was the crumpled, muddied tag of the tea rose ‘Souvenir Pierre de Notting.’ Unearthing the faded remains of a once flourishing plant, I was stricken by the uncountable sums of roses that have passed through my garden.

There was the beautiful 20-foot monster ‘Cerise Bouquet,’ armed to the teeth, that I cut back and dug up after a year of increasingly nervous observation in my own garden, then inflicted on an unsuspecting neighbor: “Here’s a pretty rose I don’t have room for. Gotta go!

There were the Austin roses, named for Shakespearean characters (Othello) and English industrialists (Abraham Darby) and characters from Hardy (Jude the Obscure), promising the scent and form of old roses but with repeat bloom and disease resistance.  (I will vouch for the scent and some repeat bloom.)

There was an extended fling with the hybrid musks, a very fine, long-limbed class of roses. A prolonged and deep infatuation with the tea roses, a class dating back to the 1800s, arguably the best for zone 10, where the cabbagy centifolias and purply gallicas refuse to grow because the summer party lasts too long here, and they don’t get their needed winter rest. A stray Bourbon occasionally wandered into the garden, and once or twice a hybrid perpetual, the latter bringing new meaning to “finicky.”

Enthusiasts will always assert that wrong choices are at the back of every burnt-out rose grower, that they just haven’t found the right rose yet.

Not so, says, Tom Fischer, who in late January guest-ranted on Garden Rant, making no secret of his disdain for roses, inciting the equivalent of a five-car pile-up on Gardenrant,
a happenstance usually reserved for searing discussions concerning lawns and whether or not to remove them. Mr. Fischer made it clear he just didn’t plain like the looks of them.

The subject of roses, whether to include or banish them from gardens, is a topic that can arouse vociferous debate among gardeners. I can think of no other plant as controversial, and it is a testimony to their hold over our imagination that we feel compelled to trumpet our allegiance or publicly admit defection from the cause of the queen of flowers.

Garden designer Michelle Derviss wrote in her blog Garden Porn just a couple days after the Garden Rant post of the travails of professionally maintaining a formal rose garden in Northern California. No love lost there either.

Here in Southern California, roses aren’t the malingers and valetudinarians so often complained of in colder or more humid zones. Here they are robust, long-blooming. In fact, they are downright ubiquitous. They may rust or mildew, but there are no Japanese beetles to contend with. That sawfly larvae will chew blistery-looking holes in the leaves is a given, but I’ve never had the dreaded “black spot.”  Other than the climber Chromatella that I lost to crown gall, most roses are expelled from my garden in a fit of irritability, a violent expulsion that more often than not occurs sometime between November and February. The delicate tracery of the leafless branches of a deciduous tree against winter sky is a welcome sight. A rose in anything but full bloom and leaf is, conversely, just not worth looking at.

I’ve never been one to shy from ruinously time-consuming garden tasks. Even pruning has its zen moments. For me, the unhappiness started when I began to pretend I could have a garden with roses and lots of other plants too. Mine would not be a “rose garden” per se, but a generalist’s garden, also filled with small trees and shrubs, grasses and succulents.
This was wishful, magical thinking, a mode of thought gardeners excel at, and the queen soon put her foot down and demanded an oath of loyalty to her and her alone.

The eye is riveted on a rose in a garden, whether in or out of bloom. (Especially out of bloom.) The rose ultimately decides what else can be grown alongside it.  The rose must have the sun. The rose must have the best soil and the most water. The rose is a lovely but insatiable vortex of neediness.

It took a long time to admit I was fed up. Why so long?

Because waiting for roses to bloom is exciting. Because Shakespeare likes them too. Because they smell nice. Because they’re sexy (sometimes sluttily so).  Because roses photograph beautifully.

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Because England and France agreed to a temporary truce during the Napoleonic Wars so Napoleon’s Empress Josephine could secure safe passage for the roses she was acquiring for her vast collection at Malmaison, where the Belgian painter Pierre-Joseph Redoute would immortalize them.

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That bit about Empress Josephine, that’s what gets you hooked. There is a sumptuous history behind every name. There are the heroic hybridizers, such as John Champneys, who created the first noissette in the Deep South, sending it back to France for breed stock, thus producing one of the most beautiful classes of roses imaginable, the noisettes and tea-noisettes, from which stock was born my achingly lovely ‘Desprez a Fleur Jaune,’ seen here in her prime.

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I cannot pretend to be impervious to their charms. Roses in bloom confer a dreamy romance on a garden. I think what I finally objected to was their lack of egalitarian spirit. Their insistence, noblesse oblige, that every other plant in the garden be their handmaiden and not their equal. In shades of scarlet conquering, the rose must have everything.

It’s possible I’m trying to talk myself out of love here, very possible. Water restrictions are a reality, and though roses are tough, they are not drought tolerant. Their history and provenance will always be a rip-roaring good read, but except for two (‘Bouquet d’Or’ below and ‘Crepuscule’), for now the garden is exiling all royalty to the other side of the gate. Viva la revolucion!

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(But can I come and admire your roses when they’re in bloom, please?)

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Sunshine Conebush

A U-turn-worthy sight driving in the rain to a job in El Segundo (Southern California zone 10). I’m guessing this is Leucadendron coniferum, the Sunshine Conebush, from the Proteaceae family. Someone clever had it backed by a deep russet-colored stucco wall.

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The only word for it is…proteaceaelicious, no?

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Call Me Mr. Agave

(Also answers to “Big Blue”)

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Note the congestion of pups destroying his fine lines. The vigor of an Agave americana is an awesome thing to behold and has been known to rupture any pot that dares contain it. Said vigor is the principal reason why he’s not planted in the ground, where he’d grow far too large. This one had already had a thorough de-pupping session in the last year, not long after he was brought home, a cast-off from a landscaping project at a local museum. Brutal as it sounds, A. americana is the trash species of agaves, at least here in zone 10. There’s loads of small, slow-growing agaves to choose from. The day I brought him home he portended instability for the garden, and I knew it.

Mr. Agave needed sorting out.

Essentials:

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This level of foolhardiness has its origins in the mid-winter fidgets: No digging, no heavy garden work for three months and, consequently, I’m looking for trouble. Whoever said gardening was some genteel endeavor performed with an English trug on one’s arm and straw hat rakishly atop one’s head has someone else doing the heavy work. I live for the heavy work and miss it terribly in winter.

Mr. Agave is the centerpiece of the main back garden bed. Getting him in position in the first place was a long, hard slog. But once in place, all was forgiven as he seamlessly assumed his role in the garden, holding court, regal and impassive, from the first Dutch iris and self-sown poppies to the last dahlias.

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Unseen in the photo, looking out from under the pergola, Mr. Agave is flanked on four sides by evergreen shrubs: two Kohuhu Golfball pittosporums to the south and two Coprosma repens ‘Cappuccino’ opposite, at the patio’s edge. It’s a barely perceptible nod to formality, especially in summer, but during winter this slight gesture adds welcome structural heft.

Training the Golfball pitts into the desired rotund shape was increasingly hampered by Big Blue’s rapid growth. Removing the pathway round the south side didn’t help. Where the Kohuhus once edged the pathway, now they’re adrift mid-meadow, so to speak, after the brick path was removed.

Short version is, access is increasingly difficult for garden tasks, a consequence of the unreasonable demands for more planting space I inflict on such a small garden. And as we all know, you just don’t tread on soil, especially clay soil. Ever. With the path gone, there was no easy access to the center of the garden border. The self-sown plants and grasses I wanted needed more room, and the access problem would sort itself out somehow…

The coprosmas were also problematic. Planted at the patio’s edge, they were growing tall and obscuring the view behind. Tall, sheer, and windswept was the original goal, which they were fulfilling, but I confess the day I read of the loathing Val Easton felt for them in her blog Plant Talk, their days were numbered.

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For a good long while, I resisted her opinion. I love brown plants. I tried some judicious pruning. But I ultimately had to admit their brown leaf was dull, with no red tints or glimmer, and their shape was appearing more wayward and rangy by the day. Out they would have to go too.

And fickle, plant-lust driven creature that I am, I just happened to have two ‘Red Dragon’ lophomyrtus waiting in the wings, chafing in their pots, and here was a dark-leaved plant I could heartily defend. Slow-growing, lots of complexity to the brown coloring, clippable or not. A done deal.

In a few weeks, there’d be too much spring growth to contemplate moving the beast, so the time to act was now.

Or the kraken, as he increasingly appeared to me to be 30 minutes into the move, the sea monster/thorn in Perseus’ side and now piercing mine.

I’m still not quite sure how it was all done. The coprosmas were sadly easy to dispatch. It’s always a shock how easy it all is to undo. Once the coprosmas were gone, there was an opening maybe 2 to 3 feet wide to slide the potted agave from mid bed to the bricked pergola. At some point, there was a board for a ramp, then a tarp, then a towel-lasso thingy, but mostly lots of dragging, head bent down under his armored tentacles. Inches took a quarter of an hour. Blue glass mulch glittered a comet’s trail in his wake. I was gripped by numbing fatigue but also the stubborn refusal to have my garden upended. There would be resolution. The kraken would be either tamed or destroyed.

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Madness! Folly! Why? Why? Whyeee? I was hoisted on the same petard as Werner Herzog’s feckless Fitzcarraldo dragging his steamship through the jungle.

A chance recruit stumbled on this abysmal scene, took pity and pitched in, and with the extra pair of hands we moved him the last few feet to a temporary resting spot. Unimaginable relief. Let’s just tip him to remove the tarp — the pot leaned, gravity claimed its due, and the pot was on its side and smashed. And it really did seem like slow motion.

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Still I cleaned him up, removed the pups, severely root-pruned him.

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And then had no idea what to do next. There was no place to plant him — he’d be too large in six months. The pot was smashed and there was no other pot large enough. Work deadlines intervened, and he sat for a day in a muddy heap.

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At some point, it occurred to me that the shiny silver trash can I keep potting soil in could be recruited for a pot. I dragged Mr. Agave to a possible site for him in his new trash can, but lifting him up and into the can was the first serious impasse with no clear solution.

I had a stray thought before falling asleep that night about possibly rigging some block and tackles. The next day, still in Fitzcarraldo mode, I jokingly mentioned it to my husband, sneakily testing his potential for being dragooned into an extremely hare-brained scheme. He never disappoints. Within minutes he emerged from the garage with, yes, a marine-quality block and tackle and a large chain. Lever, fulcrum, and with Archimedes’ blessing (“Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it, and I shall move the world”), we were back in action.

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A happy ending was not to be. Even the trash can was no match for Big Blue’s girth, and he sits too high, no longer looking regal, just foolish. Maybe the coming rain will help settle him in. For now he’s just outside the office door, eye level instead of knee level, absurdly large for his surroundings. There’s talk of possibly more blocks and tackles and chains to swing him elsewhere. Just exactly where that might be is the open-ended question. Oh, for just 1/4 acre more of garden.

Callous as it seems, I can still manage to find the bright side to all this garden mayhem. Now that he’s been moved, it’s much easier to see the Orlaya grandiflora just coming into bloom.

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Dragging Gen X & Y Into the Garden

Interview on Nest in Style with Duane Kelly, recent buyer of the Northwest Flower and Garden Show, wherein he gives a detailed answer providing possible theories as to why Gen X & Y don’t seem so hot to take on gardening, like their predecessors the boomers (these demographic epithets are so demoralizing to use, but nonetheless effective shorthand.)

Mr. Kelly feels that the horticulture industry hasn’t paid enough attention to marketing to X & Y.

Respectfully, I have a one-word answer: Houses.

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Photo courtesy of Fullerton Heritage.

Boomers bought houses in record-setting numbers, facilitated by GI loans after WWII, and generally stayed put in them for decades.

Houses have space surrounding them that can be gardened.

Gen X coming of age during the Reagan and first Bush presidencies certainly saw some scorching real estate action, but how much was staying put and how much flipping houses for profit? Gen Y, aka the Millennial kids, I’d wager aren’t doing too well in the housing market.

No research, just a gut feeling. But what do I know?

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Poor Man’s Jewels

Aeoniums and Helichrysum petiolare, very common in these parts. Matte and fuzzy riffing off each other, spangled in morning dew.

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I’ve always felt plants more than hold their own in the world of precious objects. Lucky for my family, there’s really nothing else I’d rather gaze upon. My wedding ring is a plain gold band, and while I admire the craftsmanship of jewelers and silversmiths, it’s always been plants that rivet and hold my attention.

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Helichrysum is routinely subsumed into summer container plantings, recruited for duty as the “trailer,” but it is so much more than a component in a formula for a summer container. It is an obliging plant. It is a clever plant. It is a supremely friendly plant. In the austerity and low light of a winter garden in So. Calif, its many fine qualities are burnished — doubly so without brash summer flowers elbowing it out of the limelight.

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Which reminds me. I have seen a case of local benign neglect produce an amazingly innovative performance by the chartreuse variety of this helichrysum named ‘Limelight.’ What it has done is happily shrug off its mundane surroundings and wend its way up the wall, exploring the brick with its felt wands and arranging itself smugly in arabesques and curlicues. This stunning performance is there on the corner of 4th and I forget what other street for all with eyes to see. This gray one playing with the aeonium is a dwarf variety, so will not achieve that scale. They are perennial here in zone 10.

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The Trouble With Etsy

Yesterday morning, in the shower, I wondered if men were writing the code and starting up sites like Etsy, and if women were thereafter predominantly the ones selling their wares in this virtual bazaar. There’s no point to a lengthier prefatory explanation. One just never knows what ruminations a hot shower will bring about, though topics like what will 21st century labor look like are a good bet for me. Immediately after the shower, next order of business was Google.

My familiarity with the crafts site Etsy can’t be more than a year old, gleaned from reading design blogs probably. I’ve never bought anything from Etsy, but it is a very intriguing concept. One of my best friends in high school in the ’70s was an ardent practitioner of the the arcane needle arts, like lace making, tatting, and lots other esoteric ones that I don’t remember because, frankly, I just wasn’t paying attention. Chalk it up to callow youth, but I felt if it wasn’t Art, it was a hobby, busy work, a diversion and distraction from More Important Things. Throw in there, too, “women’s work.” I admired her handiwork and always offered enthusiastic praise and support, but was secretly puzzled by her zeal to pursue one craft after another as if her life depended on it. She serially tackled and mastered craft after craft, always producing exquisite work.

Sometime in the mid ’90s this friend took me to an exhibition in Santa Monica of Liza Lou’s “Kitchen,” and I began to see my friend’s obsession with new eyes. In fact, my friend had been one of the many volunteers who helped bead hundreds of blades of grass for “Backyard.” For Liza Lou, “The dignity of the doing is the meaning of my work.”

A detail of Liza Lou’s “Kitchen” from American Craft magazine:

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I knew my friend hoped to ease out of her office job and sell her work at craft shows and maybe local shops, but she ended up landing a job with the U.S. Post Office which consumed even more of her time and energy, then had a child in her forties, and then — whoosh. I often wonder how things might have turned out if the Internet and Etsy were around back in the ’70s.

According to what my search string discovered, she would have allegedly entered a nearly all-female ghetto of craft piecework, a throwback to early 20th century sweatshops and disasters like the Triangle Sewing Factory Fire, albeit your own private sweat shop where the door remained unlocked in case of conflagration.

Someone had indeed crunched the numbers. First of all, my hunch was correct: The Etsy site is primarily used by women but was developed by some guys in Brooklyn.

The search string I used after my shower was “Etsy statistics male female,” which catapulted me into a controversy started by Sara Mosle in an article she wrote for Double XX entitled “Etsy.com Peddles a False Feminist Fantasy.” Sample quote: “Etsy actively fosters the delusion that any woman with pluck and ingenuity can earn a viable living without leaving her home.”

Mosle’s article was further discussed and its premise mostly rejected on The Frisky in an article by Amelia McDonnell-Parry entitled “Etsy: A ‘Female Ghetto’ For The Creative & Crafty?” Sample quote: “Etsy hasn’t pulled the wool over their eyes, they aren’t stuck in some artsy/crafty female ghetto just because they aren’t getting rich off handmade stationery.” The mostly irate readers’ comments are also worth perusing.

But wait, there’s more. The most incendiary rebuke to Mosle’s article comes from Jezebel in a piece entitled “Slate Ladyblog Slaps The “Feminist Fantasy” Of Etsy.” Here the readers’ remarks are, as my youngest son would put it, off the chain.

I remembered reading a more positive, boosterish piece on Etsy in the New York Times recently, so hunted for that. (“That Hobby Looks Like a Lot of Work,” by Alex Williams 12/16/09.) This article held out the hope of a possible six-figure income being derived from selling on Etsy. Here, too, the readers’ comments are as informative as the article itself. Reader “Lily Briscoe” (obviously a Virginia Woolf fan) wrote: “The products are creative and wonderful. I admire the women who produce these one of a kind items. However, from an economic perspective, Etsy is basically promoting a glorified version of piece work. In the early 20th century, women living in cold water tenements on the Lower Eastside churned out beautiful things too. The article reads like another sign that our country’s prosperity is sliding backwards. Where are the jobs that provide benefits and a living wage?”

Another reader warned that anyone knitting as many hours a day as a woman featured in the article would soon end up an upper-body cripple.

Brett from Arizona’s response to the NYT article: “Why did this home made market ever go away? Because mass production is cheaper and more efficient. That may sound like evil corporate speak, but it actually amounts to more resources being used. More gas for delivery, more on decentralized logistics and it all adds up to costing more to society than mass production. Mechanization and economies of scale made sense in 1900 and still do. Machines free us from drudgery and economies of scale make the marginal inputs into production less costly…as has already been told, some will find themselves returning to the servitude of manual labor that we purposely left behind during the industrial revolution.”

Etsy as business incubator or personal sweat shop? Another installment in the continuing saga of machines, fitness of purpose, people, work, labor, craft, what to do with our hands, what to do with our brains, what to do with our talents (how good am I at this skill anyway?), and as Liza Lou succinctly put it, “The dignity of the doing.”

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